The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.